查看Docker容器的信息

对于运行在Docker环境的容器，有时我们想查询它们的一些基本信息，例如环境变量、hostname、ip地址等，接下来我们以一个tomcat容器为例，看看有哪些方式来取得这些信息；

原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/boling_cavalry/article/details/80215214
<https://blog.csdn.net/boling_cavalry/article/details/80215214>

创建tomcat容器

在docker环境下执行如下命令，即可创建一个名为tomcat001的tomcat容器：
docker run --name tomcat001 -idt tomcat
执行docker ps检查一下，容器创建成功：
root@maven:~# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
98d119ed4c73 tomcat "catalina.sh run" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes 8080/tcp
tomcat001
获取信息常用的方式有如下三种：
1. 进入容器内部获取信息；
2. 执行docker exec命令；
3. 执行docker inspect -f命令（推荐方式）；

第一种：进入容器内部获取信息

执行以下命令可进入容器内部：
docker exec -it tomcat001 /bin/bash
此时已进入容器内部，所以分别执行hostname、ip addr、env这三个命令可以获取相关信息，如下：
root@98d119ed4c73:/usr/local/tomcat# hostname 98d119ed4c73 root@98
d119ed4c73:/usr/local/tomcat# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536
qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00
brd00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever
preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft
forever17: eth0@if18: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue
state UP group default link/ether02:42:ac:11:00:05 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
link-netnsid0 inet 172.17.0.5/16 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever
preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:5/64 scope link valid_lft
forever preferred_lft forever root@98d119ed4c73:/usr/local/tomcat# env
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat LANG=C.UTF-8 HOSTNAME=98d119ed4c73
OPENSSL_VERSION=1.1.0f-3+deb9u1 TOMCAT_VERSION=8.5.24 GPG_KEYS=05
AB33110949707C93A279E3D3EFE6B686867BA607E48665A34DCAFAE522E5E6266191C37C037D42
47309207D818FFD8DCD3F83F1931D684307A10A5 541
FBE7D8F78B25E055DDEE13C370389288584E761B832AC2F1C5A90F0F9B00A1C506407564C17A3
713DA88BE50911535FE716F5208B0AB1D63011C7 79
F7026C690BAA50B92CD8B66A3AD3F4F22C4FED9BA44C2621385CB966EBA586F72C284D731FABEE
A27677289986DB50844682F8ACB77FC2E86E29AC
A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7
DCFD35E0BF8CA7344752DE8B6FB21E8933C60243
F3A04C595DB5B6A5F1ECA43E3B7BBB100D811BBE
F7DA48BB64BCB84ECBA7EE6935CD23C10D498E23 JAVA_HOME=/docker-java-home/jre
TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib JAVA_VERSION=8u151
PWD=/usr/local/tomcat HOME=/root CA_CERTIFICATES_JAVA_VERSION=20170531+nmu1
TOMCAT_MAJOR=8 JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION=8u151-b12-1~deb9u1 TOMCAT_SHA1=9e26
ba61c5665aafc849073edeb769be555283cd TERM=xterm SHLVL=1
TOMCAT_ASC_URLS=https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi
?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar
.gz.asc https://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24
/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc https://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8
/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc https://archive.apache.org
/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc
PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
TOMCAT_TGZ_URLS=https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi
?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar
.gz https://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5
.24.tar.gz https://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24
/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8
/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz _=/usr/bin/env
第二种：执行docker exec命令

不用进入容器，直接在docker环境执行docker exec 容器名 容器内命令的方式也可以获取相关信息，举例如下：
1. 获取容器的hostname：docker exec tomcat001 hostname
2. 获取容器ip地址：docker exec tomcat001 ip addr
3. 获取容器环境变量：docker exec tomcat001 env

执行结果如下所示:
root@maven:~# docker exec tomcat001 hostname 98d119ed4c73 root@maven:~# docker
exec tomcat001 ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue
state UNKNOWN group default qlen1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:
00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 17: eth0@if18:
<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether02:42:ac:11:00:05 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 inet 172.17.0.5
/16 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::42
:acff:fe11:5/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever root@maven:~
# docker exec tomcat001 env
PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=98d119ed4c73 LANG=C.UTF-8 JAVA_HOME=/docker-java-home/jre JAVA_VERSION=
8u151 JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION=8u151-b12-1~deb9u1 CA_CERTIFICATES_JAVA_VERSION=
20170531+nmu1 CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib OPENSSL_VERSION=1.1.0f-3
+deb9u1 GPG_KEYS=05AB33110949707C93A279E3D3EFE6B686867BA6 07E48665
A34DCAFAE522E5E6266191C37C037D4247309207D818FFD8DCD3F83F1931D684307A10A5 541
FBE7D8F78B25E055DDEE13C370389288584E761B832AC2F1C5A90F0F9B00A1C506407564C17A3
713DA88BE50911535FE716F5208B0AB1D63011C7 79
F7026C690BAA50B92CD8B66A3AD3F4F22C4FED9BA44C2621385CB966EBA586F72C284D731FABEE
A27677289986DB50844682F8ACB77FC2E86E29AC
A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7
DCFD35E0BF8CA7344752DE8B6FB21E8933C60243
F3A04C595DB5B6A5F1ECA43E3B7BBB100D811BBE
F7DA48BB64BCB84ECBA7EE6935CD23C10D498E23 TOMCAT_MAJOR=8 TOMCAT_VERSION=8.5.24
TOMCAT_SHA1=9e26ba61c5665aafc849073edeb769be555283cd TOMCAT_TGZ_URLS=https://www
.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24
/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz https://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8
/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz https://www.apache.org
/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz https://archive
.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz
TOMCAT_ASC_URLS=https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi
?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar
.gz.asc https://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24
/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc https://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8
/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc https://archive.apache.org
/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc HOME=/root
第三种：使用docker inspect命令

推荐使用docker inspect
来获取信息，这个命令会返回一个json字符串，里面以key-value的格式准备了该容器相关的信息，内容十分丰富，可以一次性取得全部内容，也可以返回指定key对应的信息；

我们先来看看所有内容，执行命令docker inspect tomcat001，可以看到如下信息：
root@maven:~# docker inspect tomcat001 [ { "Id":
"98d119ed4c73c750e53353e77f7c6942803809a9d5dedc28d8b0f41ce58b8b17", "Created":
"2018-05-06T07:39:45.464492435Z", "Path": "catalina.sh", "Args": [ "run" ],
"State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting":
false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 22468, "ExitCode": 0, "Error":
"", "StartedAt": "2018-05-06T07:39:46.143092505Z", "FinishedAt":
"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image":
"sha256:3dcfe809147daf54fbdbe1f6886b4c49df63f28e2b3c8ac119fef6a7f7490d3c",
"ResolvConfPath":
"/var/lib/docker/containers/98d119ed4c73c750e53353e77f7c6942803809a9d5dedc28d8b0f41ce58b8b17/resolv.conf"
,"HostnamePath":
"/var/lib/docker/containers/98d119ed4c73c750e53353e77f7c6942803809a9d5dedc28d8b0f41ce58b8b17/hostname"
,"HostsPath":
"/var/lib/docker/containers/98d119ed4c73c750e53353e77f7c6942803809a9d5dedc28d8b0f41ce58b8b17/hosts"
,"LogPath":
"/var/lib/docker/containers/98d119ed4c73c750e53353e77f7c6942803809a9d5dedc28d8b0f41ce58b8b17/98d119ed4c73c750e53353e77f7c6942803809a9d5dedc28d8b0f41ce58b8b17-json.log"
,"Name": "/tomcat001", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "aufs", "MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": [
"cffec99f38514024f6a6e31e0e160d37d295041e4813a2245466be2dbc9c4037" ],
"HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type":
"json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "Dns"
: [],"DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": null, "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps":
null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": ""
,"CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DiskQuota": 0, "KernelMemory": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": -1,
"OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": 0, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0 }, "GraphDriver": {
"Name": "aufs", "Data": null }, "Mounts": [], "Config": { "Hostname":
"98d119ed4c73", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "ExposedPorts": { "8080/tcp": {}
},"Tty": true, "OpenStdin": true, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
,"LANG=C.UTF-8", "JAVA_HOME=/docker-java-home/jre", "JAVA_VERSION=8u151",
"JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION=8u151-b12-1~deb9u1",
"CA_CERTIFICATES_JAVA_VERSION=20170531+nmu1", "CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat",
"TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib",
"LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib",
"OPENSSL_VERSION=1.1.0f-3+deb9u1",
"GPG_KEYS=05AB33110949707C93A279E3D3EFE6B686867BA6
07E48665A34DCAFAE522E5E6266191C37C037D42
47309207D818FFD8DCD3F83F1931D684307A10A5
541FBE7D8F78B25E055DDEE13C370389288584E7
61B832AC2F1C5A90F0F9B00A1C506407564C17A3
713DA88BE50911535FE716F5208B0AB1D63011C7
79F7026C690BAA50B92CD8B66A3AD3F4F22C4FED
9BA44C2621385CB966EBA586F72C284D731FABEE
A27677289986DB50844682F8ACB77FC2E86E29AC
A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7
DCFD35E0BF8CA7344752DE8B6FB21E8933C60243
F3A04C595DB5B6A5F1ECA43E3B7BBB100D811BBE
F7DA48BB64BCB84ECBA7EE6935CD23C10D498E23", "TOMCAT_MAJOR=8",
"TOMCAT_VERSION=8.5.24", "TOMCAT_SHA1=9e26ba61c5665aafc849073edeb769be555283cd",
"TOMCAT_TGZ_URLS=https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz
\thttps://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz
\thttps://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz
\thttps://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz"
,
"TOMCAT_ASC_URLS=https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc
\thttps://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc
\thttps://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc
\thttps://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc"
],"Cmd": [ "catalina.sh", "run" ], "ArgsEscaped": true, "Image": "tomcat",
"Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "/usr/local/tomcat", "Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null, "Labels": {} }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID":
"50244517221e6faff4217ff5453919f0c297b10434812ecfbf3decb3ce9860f6",
"HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": { "8080/tcp": null }, "SandboxKey":
"/var/run/docker/netns/50244517221e", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID":
"e9336feece03b1c87e6724253575ee50963e9bdc1f9618609fe641a8a939b87a", "Gateway":
"172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress":
"172.17.0.5", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress":
"02:42:ac:11:00:05", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null
,"Aliases": null, "NetworkID":
"87eb4d08d408c08489db4460915aabed59210d04f8193364420d3719cd308d83", "EndpointID"
:"e9336feece03b1c87e6724253575ee50963e9bdc1f9618609fe641a8a939b87a", "Gateway":
"172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.5", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress":
"02:42:ac:11:00:05" } } } } ]
可见内容十分丰富；

如果我们只对其中的一些感兴趣，例如hostname、ip地址、环境变量，该如何查看呢？
1. hostname：在返回值中，hostname的位置如下图红框所示，

由上图可见，hostname位于Config.Hostname这个节点位置，所以执行命令docker inspect -f
{{.Config.Hostname}} tomcat001即可获取到hostname，如下所示：
root@maven:~# docker inspect -f {{.Config.Hostname}} tomcat001 98d119ed4c73

2. ip地址：执行命令docker inspect -f {{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}} tomcat001
即可获取到ip地址：
root@maven:~# docker inspect -f {{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}} tomcat001 172.17
.0.5

3. 环境变量：从完整的inspect信息中可以看到环境变量Config.Env的内容是个json数组，所以除了用docker inspect -f
{{.Config.Env}} tomcat001获取所有环境变量信息，还可以用docker inspect -f ‘{{index .Config.Env
1}}’ tomcat001命令获取数组中的某一条记录，如下：
root@maven:~# docker inspect -f '{{index .Config.Env 1}}' tomcat001 LANG=C.UTF-
8 root@maven:~# docker inspect -f '{{index .Config.Env 2}}' tomcat001 JAVA_HOME=
/docker-java-home/jre
至此，三种获取容器信息的方式已经全部列出，之所以在本文中推荐第三种，是因为有时我们会在shell脚本中获取容器信息，这时候用这种方式最为简单；

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