sscanf功能详解 - 好文

在处理字符串的程序当中，经常会分析字符串，从一大长串的字符串截取我们需要的数据，这如果通过自己手写函数来分析，虽然可以，但当你知道sscanf的功能，那就自己写函数分析就显得多此一举。

这些函数的使用都很简单，总结一下，等下次使用一目了然。俗话说：好记性不如烂笔头，记录下来就是效率。
/***************************************************** ** Name : sscanf.c **
Author : gzshun ** Version : 1.0 ** Date : 2011-12 ** Description : sscanf
function ******************************************************/ #include
<stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> static void sscanf_test(void);
static void sscanf_test(void) { int ret; char *string; int digit; char buf1[255
];char buf2[255]; char buf3[255]; char buf4[255]; /*1.最简单的用法*/ string = "china
beijing 123"; ret = sscanf(string, "%s %s %d", buf1, buf2, &digit); printf(
"1.string=%s\n", string); printf("1.ret=%d, buf1=%s, buf2=%s, digit=%d\n\n",
ret, buf1, buf2, digit);/* **执行结果: **1.ret=3, buf1=china, buf2=beijing,
digit=123 **可以看出,sscanf的返回值是读取的参数个数 */ /*2.取指定长度的字符串*/ string = "123456789";
sscanf(string, "%5s", buf1); printf("2.string=%s\n", string); printf(
"2.buf1=%s\n\n", buf1); /* **执行结果: **2.buf1=12345 */ /*3.取到指定字符为止的字符串*/ string =
"123/456"; sscanf(string, "%[^/]", buf1); printf("3.string=%s\n", string);
printf("3.buf1=%s\n\n", buf1); /* **执行结果: **3.buf1=123 */ /*4.取到指定字符集为止的字符串*/
string = "123abcABC"; sscanf(string, "%[^A-Z]", buf1); printf("4.string=%s\n",
string); printf("4.buf1=%s\n\n", buf1); /* **执行结果: **4.buf1=123abc */
/*5.取仅包含指定字符集的字符串*/ string = "0123abcABC"; sscanf(string, "%[0-9]%[a-z]%[A-Z]",
buf1, buf2, buf3);printf("5.string=%s\n", string); printf("5.buf1=%s, buf2=%s,
buf3=%s\n\n", buf1, buf2, buf3); /* **执行结果: **5.buf1=123, buf2=abc, buf3=ABC */
/*6.获取指定字符中间的字符串*/ string = "ios<android>wp7"; sscanf(string, "%*[^<]<%[^>]",
buf1);printf("6.string=%s\n", string); printf("6.buf1=%s\n\n", buf1); /*
**执行结果: **6.buf1=android */ /*7.指定要跳过的字符串*/ string = "iosVSandroid"; sscanf(
string, "%[a-z]VS%[a-z]", buf1, buf2); printf("7.string=%s\n", string); printf(
"7.buf1=%s, buf2=%s\n\n", buf1, buf2); /* **执行结果: **7.buf1=ios, buf2=android */
/*8.分割以某字符隔开的字符串*/ string = "android-iphone-wp7"; /*
**字符串取道'-'为止,后面还需要跟着分隔符'-', **起到过滤作用,有点类似于第7点 */ sscanf(string,
"%[^-]-%[^-]-%[^-]", buf1, buf2, buf3); printf("8.string=%s\n", string); printf(
"8.buf1=%s, buf2=%s, buf3=%s\n\n", buf1, buf2, buf3); /* **执行结果:
**8.buf1=android, buf2=iphone, buf3=wp7 */ /*9.提取邮箱地址*/ string =
"Email:[email protected]"; sscanf(string, "%[^:]:%[^@]@%[^.].%s", buf1, buf2,
buf3, buf4);printf("9.string=%s\n", string); printf("9.buf1=%s, buf2=%s,
buf3=%s, buf4=%s\n\n", buf1, buf2, buf3, buf4); /* **执行结果: **9.buf1=Email,
buf2=beijing, buf3=sina, buf4=com.cn */ /*10.过滤掉不想截取或不需要的字符串--补充,
**在%号后面加一*号,代表过滤这个字符串,不读取 */ string = "android iphone wp7"; sscanf(string, "%s
%*s %s", buf1, buf2); printf("10.string=%s\n", string); printf("10.buf1=%s,
buf2=%s\n\n", buf1, buf2); /* **执行结果: **10.android wp7 */ } int main(int argc,
char **argv) { sscanf_test(); return 0; } /* **测试程序 **环境: **Linux ubuntu
2.6.32-24-generic-pae #39-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jul 28 07:39:26 UTC 2010 i686
GNU/Linux **gcc version 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5) **
gzshun@ubuntu:~/c/sscanf$ gcc sscanf.c -o sscanf gzshun@ubuntu:~/c/sscanf$
./sscanf 1.string=china beijing 123 1.ret=3, buf1=china, buf2=beijing,
digit=123 2.string=123456789 2.buf1=12345 3.string=123/456 3.buf1=123
4.string=123abcABC 4.buf1=123abc 5.string=0123abcABC 5.buf1=0123, buf2=abc,
buf3=ABC 6.string=ios<android>wp7 6.buf1=android 7.string=iosVSandroid
7.buf1=ios, buf2=android 8.string=android-iphone-wp7 8.buf1=android,
buf2=iphone, buf3=wp7 9.string=Email:[email protected] 9.buf1=Email,
buf2=beijing, buf3=sina, buf4=com.cn 10.string=android iphone wp7
10.buf1=android, buf2=wp7 */

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