mysql修改和查看字符集（数据库全局、schema、表、列）

一、查看字符集

1.查看MYSQL数据库服务器和数据库字符集
方法一：show variables like '%character%'; 方法二：show variables like 'collation%'; <>
mysql> show variables like '%character%'; +--
------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Variable_name
| Value | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------+ |
character_set_client| utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | |
character_set_database| utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | |
character_set_results| utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | |
character_set_system| utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql5535/share/
charsets/ | +--------------------------+--------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec) <> 方法二：
 

2.查看MYSQL所支持的字符集
show charset; <>mysql> show charset; +--
--------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | Charset
| Description | Default collation | Maxlen | +--
--------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | big5 |
Big5 Traditional Chinese| big5_chinese_ci | 2 | | dec8 | DEC West European |
dec8_swedish_ci| 1 | | cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 | | hp8
| HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 | | koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian |
koi8r_general_ci| 1 | | latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 | | swe7 | 7bit
Swedish| swe7_swedish_ci | 1 | | ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 | |
ujis| EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 | | sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese |
sjis_japanese_ci| 2 | | hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 | |
tis620| TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 | | euckr | EUC-KR Korean |
euckr_korean_ci| 2 | | koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 | |
gb2312| GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 | | greek | ISO 8859-7
Greek| greek_general_ci | 1 | | cp1250 | Windows Central European |
cp1250_general_ci| 1 | | gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 | |
latin5| ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 | | armscii8 | ARMSCII-8
Armenian| armscii8_general_ci | 1 | | utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3
| | ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 | | cp866 | DOS Russian |
cp866_general_ci| 1 | | keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak |
keybcs2_general_ci| 1 | | macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 |
| macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 | | cp852 | DOS
Central European| cp852_general_ci | 1 | | latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic |
latin7_general_ci| 1 | | utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 | |
cp1251| Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 | | utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode |
utf16_general_ci| 4 | | cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 | |
cp1257| Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 | | utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode |
utf32_general_ci| 4 | | binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 | | geostd8
| GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 | | cp932 | SJIS for Windows
Japanese| cp932_japanese_ci | 2 | | eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese |
eucjpms_japanese_ci| 3 | +--
--------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 39 rows
in set (0.00 sec) <>
 

3.查看库的字符集

语法：show database status from 库名 like  表名;
mysql> show create database shiyan\G *************************** 1. row
*************************** Database: shiyan Create Database: CREATE DATABASE
`shiyan`/*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 

4.查看表的字符集

语法：show table status from 库名 like  表名;
mysql> show table status from class_7 like 'test_info'; <>mysql> show table
statusfrom class_7 like 'test_info'; +--
---------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+-
| Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_leate_time
| Update_time | Check_time | Collation | Checksum | +--
---------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+-
| test_info | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 10 | 1638 | 17-12-05 19:01:55 | NULL |
NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | +--
---------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+-
1 row in set (0.00 sec) <>
 

5.查看表中所有列的字符集

语法：show full columns from 表名;
mysql> show full columns from test_info; <>mysql> show full columns from
test_info;+--
-----+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment
| +--
-----+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id | int(3) | NULL | NO | PRI | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | | |
name| char(12) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,
references | | | dorm | char(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,
insert,update,references | | | addr | char(12) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | 未知 |
| select,insert,update,references | | | score | int(3) | NULL | YES | | NULL | |
select,insert,update,references | | +--
-----+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec) <>
 

二、设置字符集

设置字符集一般有两种方法，一种是在创建表的时候设置字符集，另一种是表建成之后修改字符集。

1.创建时指定字符集

创建库的时候指定字符集：

语法：create database 库名 default character set=字符集；
create database db2 default character set=utf8
 

创建表的时候指定字符集：

语法：create table 表名（属性）default character set = 字符集；
mysql> create table test1(id int(6),name char(10)) default character set = 'gbk
'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.39 sec)
 

2.修改字符集

修改全局字符集
<>/*建立连接使用的编码*/ set character_set_connection=utf8; /*数据库的编码*/ set
character_set_database=utf8; /*结果集的编码*/ set character_set_results=utf8; /*
数据库服务器的编码*/ set character_set_server=utf8; set character_set_system=utf8; set
collation_connection=utf8; set collation_database=utf8; set collation_server=
utf8; <>
 

修改库的字符集

语法：alter database 库名 default character set 字符集;
alter database shiyan default character set gbk; <>mysql> show create database
shiyan\G*************************** 1. row *************************** Database
: shiyanCreate Database: CREATE DATABASE `shiyan` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER
SET utf8*/ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter database shiyan default
character set gbk; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show create
database shiyan\G *************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: shiyan Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `shiyan` /*!40100 DEFAULT
CHARACTER SET gbk*/ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) <>
 

修改表的字符集

语法：alter table 表名 convert to character set 字符集;
alter table test1 convert to character set utf8; <>mysql> show create table
test1\G*************************** 1. row *************************** Table:
test1Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test1` ( `id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL, `name` char(
10) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk #原字符集 1 row in set (0.00
sec) mysql> alter table test1 convert to character set utf8; Query OK, 0 rows
affected (0.58 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> show create
table test1\G *************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: test1 Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test1` ( `id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
`name`char(10) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 #修改后的字符集 1 row
in set (0.00 sec) <>
 

修改字段的字符集

语法：alter table 表名 modify 字段名 字段属性 character set gbk；
alter table test1 modify name char(10) character set gbk; <>mysql> show full
columnsfrom test1; +--
-----+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment
| +--
-----+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id | int(6) | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | | |
name| char(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,
references | | +--
-----+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> alter table test1 modify name char(10) character
set gbk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.58 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings:
0 mysql> show full columns from test1; +--
-----+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment
| +--
-----+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id | int(6) | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | | |
name| char(10) | gbk_chinese_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,
references | | +--
-----+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec) <>
https://www.cnblogs.com/yangmingxianshen/p/7999428.html
<>

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