PHP Swoole长连接常见问题

连接失效问题
例子
其中，Redis常见的报错就是：

配置项：timeout
报错信息：Error while reading line from the server
Redis可以配置如果客户端经过多少秒还不给Redis服务器发送数据，那么就会把连接close掉。

MySQL常见的报错：

配置项：wait_timeout & interactive_timeout
报错信息：has gone away
和Redis服务器一样，MySQL也会定时的去清理掉没用的连接。

如何解决
1、用的时候进行重连

2、定时发送心跳维持连接

用的时候进行重连
优点是简单，缺点是面临短连接的问题。

定时发送心跳维持连接
推荐。

如何维持长连接

tcp协议中实现的tcp_keepalive

 

操作系统底层提供了一组tcp的keepalive配置：
1 tcp_keepalive_time (integer; default: 7200; since Linux 2.2) 2 The number
of seconds a connection needs to be idle before TCP 3 begins sending out
keep-alive probes. Keep-alives are sent only 4 when the SO_KEEPALIVE socket
option is enabled. Thedefault 5 value is 7200 seconds (2 hours). An idle
connection is 6 terminated after approximately an additional 11 minutes (9 7
probes an interval of 75 seconds apart) when keep-alive is 8 enabled. 9 10
Note that underlying connection tracking mechanisms and11 application timeouts
may be much shorter.12 13 tcp_keepalive_intvl (integer; default: 75; since
Linux 2.4) 14 The number of seconds between TCP keep-alive probes. 15 16
tcp_keepalive_probes (integer; default: 9; since Linux 2.2) 17 The maximum
number of TCP keep-alive probes to send before 18 giving up and killing the
connectionif no response is obtained 19 from the other end. 20 8
Swoole底层把这些配置开放出来了，例如：
1 ?php 2 3 $server = new \Swoole\Server('127.0.0.1', 6666, SWOOLE_PROCESS);
4 5 $server->set([ 6 'worker_num' => 1, 7 'open_tcp_keepalive' => 1, 8
'tcp_keepidle' => 4,// 对应tcp_keepalive_time 9 'tcp_keepinterval' => 1, //
对应tcp_keepalive_intvl 10 'tcp_keepcount' => 5, // 对应tcp_keepalive_probes 11 ]);
其中：
1 'open_tcp_keepalive' => 1, // 总开关，用来开启tcp_keepalive 2 'tcp_keepidle' => 4, //
4s没有数据传输就进行检测3 // 检测的策略如下： 4 'tcp_keepinterval' => 1, //
1s探测一次，即每隔1s给客户端发一个包（然后客户端可能会回一个ack的包，如果服务端收到了这个ack包，那么说明这个连接是活着的） 5
'tcp_keepcount' => 5,// 探测的次数，超过5次后客户端还没有回ack包，那么close此连接
 

我们来实战测试体验一下，服务端脚本如下：


1 <?php 2 3 $server = new \Swoole\Server('127.0.0.1', 6666, SWOOLE_PROCESS);
4 5 $server->set([ 6 'worker_num' => 1, 7 'open_tcp_keepalive' => 1, //
开启tcp_keepalive 8 'tcp_keepidle' => 4, // 4s没有数据传输就进行检测 9 'tcp_keepinterval'
=> 1,// 1s探测一次 10 'tcp_keepcount' => 5, // 探测的次数，超过5次后还没有回包close此连接 11 ]); 12 13
$server->on('connect', function ($server, $fd) { 14 var_dump("Client: Connect
$fd"); 15 }); 16 17 $server->on('receive', function ($server, $fd, $reactor_id,
$data) { 18 var_dump($data); 19 }); 20 21 $server->on('close', function ($server
,$fd) { 22 var_dump("close fd $fd"); 23 }); 24 25 $server->start();
我们启动这个服务器：
1 ~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # php server.php
然后通过tcpdump进行抓包：
~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # tcpdump -i lo port 6666 tcpdump: verbose
output suppressed,use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on lo,
link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
我们此时正在监听lo上的6666端口的数据包。

然后我们用客户端去连接它：
1 ~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # nc 127.0.0.1 6666
此时服务端会打印出消息：
~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # php server.php string(17) "Client: Connect
1"
tcpdump的输出信息如下：
1 01:48:40.178439 IP localhost.33933 > localhost.6666: Flags [S], seq
43162537, win 43690, options [mss 65495,sackOK,TS val 9833698 ecr 0,nop,wscale
7], length 02 01:48:40.178484 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.33933: Flags [S.],
seq 1327460565, ack 43162538, win 43690, options [mss 65495,sackOK,TS val
9833698 ecr 9833698,nop,wscale 7], length 03 01:48:40.178519 IP localhost.33933
> localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9833698
ecr 9833698], length 04 01:48:44.229926 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.33933:
Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9834104 ecr 9833698], length
05 01:48:44.229951 IP localhost.33933 > localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 1, win
342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9834104 ecr 9833698], length 06 01:48:44.229926 IP
localhost.6666 > localhost.33933: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options
[nop,nop,TS val 9834104 ecr 9833698], length 07 01:48:44.229951 IP
localhost.33933 > localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options
[nop,nop,TS val 9834104 ecr 9833698], length 08 01:48:44.229926 IP
localhost.6666 > localhost.33933: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options
[nop,nop,TS val 9834104 ecr 9833698], length 09 // 省略了其他的输出
我们会发现最开始的时候，会打印三次握手的包：
01:48:40.178439 IP localhost.33933 > localhost.6666: Flags [S], seq 43162537,
win 43690, options [mss 65495,sackOK,TS val 9833698 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length
0 01:48:40.178484 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.33933: Flags [S.], seq
1327460565, ack 43162538, win 43690, options [mss 65495,sackOK,TS val 9833698
ecr 9833698,nop,wscale 7], length 0 01:48:40.178519 IP localhost.33933 >
localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9833698 ecr
9833698], length 0
然后，停留了4s没有任何包的输出。

之后，每隔1s左右就会打印出一组：
1 01:52:54.359341 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.43101: Flags [.], ack 1, win
342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9859144 ecr 9858736], length 02 01:52:54.359377 IP
localhost.43101 > localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options
[nop,nop,TS val 9859144 ecr 9855887], length 0
其实这就是我们配置的策略：
1 'tcp_keepinterval' => 1, // 1s探测一次 2 'tcp_keepcount' => 5, //
探测的次数，超过5次后还没有回包close此连接
因为我们操作系统底层会自动的给客户端回ack，所以这个连接不会在5次探测后被关闭。操作系统底层会持续不断的发送这样的一组包：
1 01:52:54.359341 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.43101: Flags [.], ack 1, win
342, options [nop,nop,TS val 9859144 ecr 9858736], length 02 01:52:54.359377 IP
localhost.43101 > localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options
[nop,nop,TS val 9859144 ecr 9855887], length 0
如果我们要测试5次探测后关闭这个连接，可以禁掉6666端口的包：
1 ~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 6666 -j
DROP
这样会把所有从6666端口进来的包给禁掉，自然，服务器就接收不到从客户端那一边发来的ack包了。

然后服务器过5秒就会打印出close（服务端主动的调用了close方法，给客户端发送了FIN包）：
1 ~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # php server.php 2 string(17) "Client:
Connect 1"3 string(10) "close fd 1"
我们恢复一下iptables的规则：
1 ~/codeDir/phpCode # iptables -D INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 6666 -j DROP
即把我们设置的规则给删除了。


通过tcp_keepalive的方式实现心跳的功能，优点是简单，不要写代码就可以完成这个功能，并且发送的心跳包小。缺点是依赖于系统的网络环境，必须保证服务器和客户端都实现了这样的功能，需要客户端配合发心跳包。还有一个更为严重的缺点是如果客户端和服务器不是直连的，而是通过代理来进行连接的，例如socks5代理，它只会转发应用层的包，不会转发更为底层的tcp探测包，那这个心跳功能就失效了。

所以，Swoole就提供了其他的解决方案，一组检测死连接的配置。
1 'heartbeat_check_interval' => 1, // 1s探测一次 2 'heartbeat_idle_time' => 5, //
5s未发送数据包就close此连接
swoole实现的heartbeat

我们来测试一下：
1 <?php 2 3 $server = new \Swoole\Server('127.0.0.1', 6666, SWOOLE_PROCESS);
4 5 $server->set([ 6 'worker_num' => 1, 7 'heartbeat_check_interval' => 1,
// 1s探测一次 8 'heartbeat_idle_time' => 5, // 5s未发送数据包就close此连接 9 ]); 10 11
$server->on('connect', function ($server, $fd) { 12 var_dump("Client: Connect
$fd"); 13 }); 14 15 $server->on('receive', function ($server, $fd, $reactor_id,
$data) { 16 var_dump($data); 17 }); 18 19 $server->on('close', function ($server
,$fd) { 20 var_dump("close fd $fd"); 21 }); 22 23 $server->start();
然后启动服务器：
1 ~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # php server.php
然后启动tcpdump：

 
1 ~/codeDir/phpCode # tcpdump -i lo port 6666 2 tcpdump: verbose output
suppressed,use -v or -vv for full protocol decode 3 listening on lo, link-type
EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
 


然后再启动客户端：
1 ~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # nc 127.0.0.1 6666
 


此时服务器端打印：
1 ~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # php server.php 2 string(17) "Client:
Connect 1"
 

然后tcpdump打印：

 
1 02:48:32.516093 IP localhost.42123 > localhost.6666: Flags [S], seq
1088388248, win 43690, options [mss 65495,sackOK,TS val 10193342 ecr
0,nop,wscale 7], length 02 02:48:32.516133 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.42123:
Flags [S.], seq 80508236, ack 1088388249, win 43690, options [mss
65495,sackOK,TS val 10193342 ecr 10193342,nop,wscale 7], length 03
02:48:32.516156 IP localhost.42123 > localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342,
options [nop,nop,TS val 10193342 ecr 10193342], length 0
 

这是三次握手信息。

然后过了5s后，tcpdump会打印出：
1 02:48:36.985027 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.42123: Flags [F.], seq 1, ack
1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10193789 ecr 10193342], length 02
02:48:36.992172 IP localhost.42123 > localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 2, win 342,
options [nop,nop,TS val 10193790 ecr 10193789], length 0
也就是服务端发送了FIN包。因为客户端没有发送数据，所以Swoole关闭了连接。

然后服务器端会打印：
1 ~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # php server.php 2 string(17) "Client:
Connect 1"3 string(10) "close fd 1"
 

所以，heartbeat和tcp keepalive还是有一定的区别的，tcp
keepalive有保活连接的功能，但是heartbeat存粹是检测没有数据的连接，然后关闭它，并且只可以在服务端这边配置，如果需要保活，也可以让客户端配合发送心跳。

如果我们不想让服务端close掉连接，那么就得在应用层里面不断的发送数据包来进行保活，例如我在nc客户端里面不断的发送包：
1 ~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # nc 127.0.0.1 6666 2 ping 3 ping 4
ping 5 ping 6 ping 7 ping 8 ping 9 ping 10 ping
 

我发送了9个ping包给服务器，tcpdump的输出如下：
1 // 省略了三次握手的包 2 02:57:53.697363 IP localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags
[P.], seq 1:6, ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10249525 ecr 10249307],
length 5 3 02:57:53.697390 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack
6, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10249525 ecr 10249525], length 0 4
02:57:55.309532 IP localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 6:11, ack
1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10249686 ecr 10249525], length 5 5
02:57:55.309576 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 11, win
342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10249686 ecr 10249686], length 0 6 02:57:58.395206
IP localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 11:16, ack 1, win 342,
options [nop,nop,TS val 10249994 ecr 10249686], length 5 7 02:57:58.395239 IP
localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 16, win 342, options
[nop,nop,TS val 10249994 ecr 10249994], length 0 8 02:58:01.858094 IP
localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 16:21, ack 1, win 342,
options [nop,nop,TS val 10250341 ecr 10249994], length 5 9 02:58:01.858126 IP
localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 21, win 342, options
[nop,nop,TS val 10250341 ecr 10250341], length 010 02:58:04.132584 IP
localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 21:26, ack 1, win 342,
options [nop,nop,TS val 10250568 ecr 10250341], length 511 02:58:04.132609 IP
localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 26, win 342, options
[nop,nop,TS val 10250568 ecr 10250568], length 012 02:58:05.895704 IP
localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 26:31, ack 1, win 342,
options [nop,nop,TS val 10250744 ecr 10250568], length 513 02:58:05.895728 IP
localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 31, win 342, options
[nop,nop,TS val 10250744 ecr 10250744], length 014 02:58:07.150265 IP
localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 31:36, ack 1, win 342,
options [nop,nop,TS val 10250870 ecr 10250744], length 515 02:58:07.150288 IP
localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 36, win 342, options
[nop,nop,TS val 10250870 ecr 10250870], length 016 02:58:08.349124 IP
localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 36:41, ack 1, win 342,
options [nop,nop,TS val 10250990 ecr 10250870], length 517 02:58:08.349156 IP
localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 41, win 342, options
[nop,nop,TS val 10250990 ecr 10250990], length 018 02:58:09.906223 IP
localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [P.], seq 41:46, ack 1, win 342,
options [nop,nop,TS val 10251145 ecr 10250990], length 519 02:58:09.906247 IP
localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [.], ack 46, win 342, options
[nop,nop,TS val 10251145 ecr 10251145], length 0
 

有9组数据包的发送。（这里的Flags [P.]代表Push的含义）

此时服务器还没有close掉连接，实现了客户端保活连接的功能。然后我们停止发送ping，过了5秒后tcpdump就会输出一组：

02:58:14.811761 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [F.], seq 1, ack
46, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10251636 ecr 10251145], length 0
02:58:14.816420 IP localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [.], ack 2, win
342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10251637 ecr 10251636], length 0
服务端那边发送了FIN包，说明服务端close掉了连接。服务端的输出如下：
1 ~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # php server.php 2 string(17) "Client:
Connect 1" 3 string(5) "ping 4 " 5 string(5) "ping 6 " 7 string(5) "ping 8
" 9 string(5) "ping 10 " 11 string(5) "ping 12 " 13 string(5) "ping 14 " 15
string(5) "ping 16 " 17 string(5) "ping 18 " 19 string(5) "ping 20 " 21 string
(10) "close fd 1"
 


然后我们在客户端那边ctrl + c来关闭连接：
1 ~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton # nc 127.0.0.1 6666 2 ping 3 ping 4
ping 5 ping 6 ping 7 ping 8 ping 9 ping 10 ping 11 ^Cpunt! 12 13
~/codeDir/phpCode/hyperf-skeleton#
 

此时，tcpdump的输出如下：
1 03:03:02.257667 IP localhost.44195 > localhost.6666: Flags [F.], seq 46, ack
2, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 10280414 ecr 10251636], length 02
03:03:02.257734 IP localhost.6666 > localhost.44195: Flags [R], seq 2678621620,
win 0, length 0
 

应用层心跳

1、制定ping/pong协议（mysql等自带ping协议）
2、客户端灵活的发送ping心跳包
3、服务端OnRecive检查可用性回复pong
例如：
1 $server->on('receive', function (\Swoole\Server $server, $fd, $reactor_id,
$data) 2 { 3 if ($data == 'ping') 4 { 5 checkDB(); 6 checkServiceA(); 7
checkRedis(); 8 $server->send('pong'); 9 } 10 });
 

结论
1、tcp的keepalive最简单，但是有兼容性问题，不够灵活
2、swoole提供的keepalive最实用，但是需要客户端配合，复杂度适中
3、应用层的keepalive最灵活但是最麻烦

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